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Related Concept Videos

Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the $2,000...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Deciding without data.

Jeffrey R Darst1, Jane W Newburger, Stephen Resch

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. jeffrey.darst@cardio.chboston.org

Congenital Heart Disease
|July 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physicians rarely use published data for real-time clinical decisions, often relying on personal experience. This highlights a gap in evidence-based practice for medical resource utilization.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Medical decision-making
  • Health services research
  • Evidence-based medicine

Background:

  • Physician decisions significantly impact healthcare spending.
  • Limited research exists on the evidence physicians use in real-time decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evidence base for clinical decisions made by pediatric cardiologists.
  • To categorize the sources of information influencing physician choices during patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Ten pediatric cardiologists documented all clinically significant decisions over 7.5 days.
  • Decisions were categorized based on the type of evidence used, from anecdotal to published studies.

Main Results:

  • A total of 1188 decisions were recorded (158 per day).
  • Approximately 80% of decisions lacked a basis in prior published data.
  • Fewer than 3% of decisions were supported by studies directly relevant to the clinical question.

Conclusions:

  • Most real-time clinical decisions by physicians lack formal evidence citation.
  • Developing new methods to create an evidence base from clinical decisions is crucial for healthcare reform.