Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CD300e modulates metabolic programs in adipose tissue macrophages during obesity.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

Mitochondrial calcium uptake drives organelle remodeling to promote inflammasome-dependent cytokine release.

Cell death and differentiation·2026
Same author

Microfluidic compartmentalization reveals that ferrostatin-1 restores directional mitochondrial transport in Aβ-challenged neurons.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same author

TMEM65-dependent Ca2+ extrusion safeguards mitochondrial homeostasis.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Alterations in peroxisome-mitochondria interplay in skeletal muscle accelerate muscle dysfunction.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Key challenges and recommendations for defining organelle membrane contact sites.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2025
Same journal

Human sex-specific hormone effects on cerebrovascular health in males and females.

Mechanisms of ageing and development·2026
Same journal

HTZ-1/H2A.Z expression sustains transcriptional programs that regulate Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan.

Mechanisms of ageing and development·2026
Same journal

PCSK9 promotes aging-related cardiac calcification by inducing osteogenic differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts.

Mechanisms of ageing and development·2026
Same journal

Distinct post-infectious TLR2 immune remodeling in COVID-19-recovered centenarians.

Mechanisms of ageing and development·2026
Same journal

Senescence-associated tertiary lymphoid structures in Sjögren's disease model nishiura mice.

Mechanisms of ageing and development·2026
Same journal

Aging-driven reprogramming of CD34⁺ hematopoietic stem cells in leukemogenesis: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Mechanisms of ageing and development·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs
08:15

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs

Published on: August 15, 2025

Signaling pathways in mitochondrial dysfunction and aging.

Cristina Mammucari1, Rosario Rizzuto

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
|July 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondria regulate cell life and death by balancing apoptosis and autophagy. This review explores how mitochondria integrate signals to control these critical cellular processes, impacting cell fate.

More Related Videos

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase (COX/SDH) Double-labeling Histochemistry
06:53

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase (COX/SDH) Double-labeling Histochemistry

Published on: November 23, 2011

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry
08:19

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry

Published on: May 5, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs
08:15

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs

Published on: August 15, 2025

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase (COX/SDH) Double-labeling Histochemistry
06:53

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase (COX/SDH) Double-labeling Histochemistry

Published on: November 23, 2011

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry
08:19

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry

Published on: May 5, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Cell Death Pathways

Background:

  • Mitochondria are vital for cellular energy production via oxidative phosphorylation.
  • They play a key role in regulating both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic cell death pathways.
  • Accumulation of damaged mitochondria, often due to reactive oxygen species (ROS), impacts cellular homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the central role of mitochondria in the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis.
  • To highlight the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in this cross-talk.
  • To understand how mitochondria integrate information to determine cell fate.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on mitochondrial signaling in cell death.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways linking mitochondria, autophagy, and apoptosis.
  • Integration of information on cellular homeostasis and damage response.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondria act as critical hubs integrating signals for cell survival or death.
  • Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) can signal for autophagy.
  • Mitophagy is essential for removing damaged mitochondria and maintaining cell homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria are central regulators in the decision between cell survival, apoptosis, and autophagy.
  • Understanding mitochondrial cross-talk with autophagy and apoptosis is crucial for cellular health.
  • Dysregulation of these pathways contributes to aging and disease.