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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Locus dependence in epigenetic chromatin silencing.

Swagatam Mukhopadhyay1, Vijayalakshmi H Nagaraj, Anirvan M Sengupta

  • 1BioMaPS Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. swagatam@rci.rutgers.edu

Bio Systems
|July 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study explains yeast gene silencing using bifurcation diagrams, offering a new model for epigenetic switches beyond chromatin modifications. This approach better fits single-cell data for dynamic cellular behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Systems biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Dynamical systems theory

Background:

  • Current models of epigenetic switches based on chromatin modifications limit the understanding of dynamic cellular behaviors.
  • Existing models struggle to fully explain single-cell data, particularly in gene silencing phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel framework for understanding epigenetic switches.
  • To explain single-cell data in yeast gene silencing using the SIR system.
  • To demonstrate the utility of bifurcation diagrams in modeling epigenetic dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the bifurcation diagram of the underlying dynamical system.
  • Application of the dynamical system model to interpret single-cell data from yeast.
  • Comparison of model predictions with existing experimental observations.

Main Results:

  • The structure of the bifurcation diagram effectively explains observed single-cell data in yeast gene silencing.
  • The proposed model, based on dynamical systems, provides a more flexible framework than chromatin-centric models.
  • The SIR system in yeast exhibits dynamic behaviors consistent with bifurcation theory.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamical systems and bifurcation theory offer a powerful approach to model epigenetic switches.
  • This framework reconciles theoretical dynamics with experimental single-cell data in yeast.
  • The study provides a new perspective on the mechanisms underlying epigenetic regulation and gene silencing.