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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Wild-type Blocking PCR Combined with Sanger Sequencing for Detection of Low-frequency Somatic Mutation
07:17

Wild-type Blocking PCR Combined with Sanger Sequencing for Detection of Low-frequency Somatic Mutation

Published on: August 23, 2024

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma.

Andrés J M Ferreri1, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Silvia Govi

  • 1Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, Department of Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. andres.ferreri@hsr.it

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
|July 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rare intestinal cancer linked to celiac disease. EATL has a poor prognosis due to aggressive growth and treatment challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rare intestinal neoplasm originating from intraepithelial T lymphocytes.
  • It is the most frequent neoplastic complication associated with celiac disease.
  • EATL commonly affects adults, presenting with abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea, or bowel obstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics, presentation, and prognosis of EATL.
  • To highlight the association between EATL and celiac disease.
  • To underscore the challenges in treating EATL.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on EATL.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation and pathological features.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes and patient prognosis.

Main Results:

  • EATL typically presents as a large lymphoid cell neoplasm with necrosis and inflammation.
  • Multifocal presentation occurs in 10-25% of cases, with small-bowel involvement being most common.
  • The prognosis is poor due to low chemosensitivity, rapid growth, dissemination, and postsurgical complications.

Conclusions:

  • EATL is an aggressive lymphoma with a dismal prognosis, often exacerbated by complications from celiac disease.
  • Effective treatment strategies are limited by the tumor's characteristics and patient condition.
  • Further research is needed to improve outcomes for EATL patients.