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Related Concept Videos

ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
The ADP/ATP Carrier Protein01:42

The ADP/ATP Carrier Protein

ADP/ATP carrier or AAC protein is the most abundant carrier protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It transports large quantities of ADP and ATP, equivalent to the average human body weight, every day. Among other transporters, ACC protein is one of the best-studied members of the mitochondrial carrier protein family. The ADP/ATP carrier protein comprises two transmembrane helices connected to a loop and a single alpha-helix on the matrix side. It switches between two conformational...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and are...
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...

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Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
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Adenosine-triphosphate-binding cassette transporter-1 trafficking and function.

Martin H Kang1, Roshni Singaraja, Michael R Hayden

  • 1Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z4H4.

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
|July 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Adenosine-triphosphate-binding cassette transporter-1 (ABCA1) mutations cause Tangier disease by affecting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This review explores ABCA1 cellular trafficking, crucial for its function and potential therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Tangier disease results from mutations in adenosine-triphosphate-binding cassette transporter-1 (ABCA1), leading to severely reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
  • ABCA1 is critical for cellular cholesterol efflux, a process essential for maintaining lipid homeostasis and HDL biogenesis.
  • The precise cellular pathway ABCA1 follows to reach the plasma membrane is not fully understood, hindering a complete grasp of its function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the cellular trafficking of ABCA1.
  • To elucidate the relationship between ABCA1 trafficking pathways and its cholesterol efflux function.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for modulating HDL biogenesis by influencing ABCA1 trafficking.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ABCA1 trafficking.
  • Analysis of experimental data on ABCA1 localization and function.
  • Synthesis of findings related to ABCA1 cellular itinerary.

Main Results:

  • ABCA1 undergoes complex intracellular trafficking involving multiple cellular compartments.
  • Specific trafficking routes are linked to ABCA1's ability to mediate cholesterol efflux.
  • Disruptions in ABCA1 trafficking impair HDL cholesterol metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding ABCA1 trafficking is key to comprehending Tangier disease pathogenesis.
  • Targeting ABCA1 trafficking pathways offers a novel strategy for therapeutic intervention in HDL disorders.
  • Further research into ABCA1's cellular journey can unlock new avenues for treating dyslipidemia.