Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Extraction and Characterization of Surfactants from Atmospheric Aerosols
Published on: April 21, 2017
Interaction of novel anionic gemini surfactants with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
Sufen Zhao1, Hailin Zhu, Xin Li
1School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
This study describes the synthesis of three novel anionic gemini surfactants via a convenient and easily controllable method, sodium 2,2'-(6,6'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl) bis(4-(octylamino)-1,3,5-triazine -6,2-diyl) bis(azanediyl)diethanesulfonate (C(8)-2-C(8)), sodium 2,2'-(6,6'-(propane-1,3-diylbis(azanediyl) bis(4-(octylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-6,2-diyl) bis(azanediyl)diethanesulfonate (C(8)-3-C(8)), sodium 2,2'-(6,6'-(butane-1,4-diylbis(azanediyl) bis(4-(octylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-6,2-diyl) bis(azanediyl)diethanesulfonate (C(8)-4-C(8)). The interactions of these new anionic gemini surfactants with the conventional cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) are investigated in 0.1 mol/L NaCl aqueous solutions. The mixed systems are C(8)-2-C(8)/CTAB, C(8)-3-C(8)/CTAB, and C(8)-4-C(8)/CTAB, and the mole factions (alpha(G)) of C(8)-n-C(8) (n=2, 3, 4) were 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 respectively. These mixtures exhibit synergism in both surface tension reduction effectiveness and surface tension reduction efficiency. When alpha(G)=0.5 the three systems exhibit synergism in mixed micelle formation, whereas the other surfactant mixtures do not show this synergism. The interactions in mixed adsorbed films are stronger than those involved in mixed micelles for all mixtures.
Related Concept Videos
Surface Active Agents
Micelles
Intermolecular Forces
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview
Halogenation of Alkenes
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.

