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Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

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Retinotopic mapping with spin echo BOLD at 7T.

Cheryl A Olman1, Pierre-Francois Van de Moortele, Jennifer F Schumacher

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. caolman@umn.edu

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|July 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Spin echo (SE) BOLD fMRI at 7T enables high-resolution retinotopic mapping across multiple visual areas. This technique offers comparable contrast-to-noise ratio to 3T GE BOLD, proving its feasibility for advanced brain imaging.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Visual Neuroscience

Background:

  • Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) improves with higher magnetic field strength.
  • Susceptibility artifacts and coil sensitivity can limit large field-of-view fMRI at high fields.
  • Spin echo (SE) BOLD is a technique that may mitigate some artifacts compared to gradient echo (GE) BOLD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the feasibility of SE BOLD fMRI at 7 Tesla (7T) for retinotopic mapping across multiple visual areas.
  • To compare the CNR of SE BOLD and GE BOLD at 7T with GE BOLD at 3T.
  • To evaluate the anatomical accuracy of SE BOLD at 7T for visual areas V1, V2, and V3.

Main Methods:

  • Acquisition of retinotopic mapping data using SE BOLD at 7T.
  • Comparison of CNR between 7T GE BOLD, 7T SE BOLD, and 3T GE BOLD.
  • Utilized a novel method for normalizing T1-weighted anatomical images for automated gray matter segmentation at 7T.
  • Acquired 1.8-mm resolution maps at 3T and 7T.

Main Results:

  • 7T GE BOLD showed nearly double the CNR of 3T GE BOLD (coherence 0.41 vs. 0.25).
  • 7T SE BOLD demonstrated comparable CNR to 3T GE BOLD (coherence 0.23 vs. 0.25).
  • High-resolution maps (1.8 mm) acquired with GE BOLD and SE BOLD at 7T, and GE BOLD at 3T, showed no systematic differences in visual area V1, V2, and V3 locations or boundaries.

Conclusions:

  • SE BOLD fMRI is feasible for high-resolution retinotopic mapping across multiple visual areas at 7T.
  • This technique provides good sensitivity and anatomical precision comparable to existing methods.
  • 7T SE BOLD offers a viable alternative for advanced neuroimaging studies requiring broad cortical coverage.