Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2026
Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
Published on: September 16, 2025
Evaluation of an open-field autorefractor's ability to measure refraction and hence potential to assess objective
James Stuart Wolffsohn1, Leon Nicholas Davies, Shehzad Anjam Naroo
1Aston University, Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK. j.s.w.wolffsohn@aston.ac.uk
Background:
To evaluate the accuracy of an open-field autorefractor compared with subjective refraction in pseudophakes and hence its ability to assess objective eye focus with intraocular lenses (IOLs).
Methods:
Objective refraction was measured at 6 m using the Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001/Grand Seiko WR-5100K open-field autorefractor (five repeats) and by subjective refraction on 141 eyes implanted with a spherical (Softec1 n=53), aspherical (SoftecHD n=37) or accommodating (1CU n=22; Tetraflex n=29) IOL. Autorefraction was repeated 2 months later.
Results:
The autorefractor prescription was similar (average difference: 0.09 ± 0.53 D; p=0.19) to that found by subjective refraction, with ∼71% within ± 0.50 D. The horizontal cylindrical components were similar (difference: 0.00 ± 0.39 D; p=0.96), although the oblique (J(45)) autorefractor cylindrical vector was slightly more negative (by -0.06 ± 0.25 D; p=0.06) than the subjective refraction. The results were similar for each of the IOL designs except for the spherical IOL, where the mean spherical equivalent difference between autorefraction and subjective was more hypermetropic than the Tetraflex accommodating IOL (F=2.77, p=0.04). The intrasession repeatability was <0.55 D (95% CI) and intersession repeatability <0.50 D in ≥ 85%.
Conclusions:
The autorefractor gives valid and repeatable measures of pseudophakic eye refraction and hence objective accommodation.
