Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines01:14

CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines

CNS depressants include drugs from the category of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. They are valuable medications for managing anxiety disorders and insomnia. Barbiturates, once used to induce and maintain sleep, have been replaced mainly by benzodiazepines due to barbiturate's toxicity, tolerance, and overdose risks. They interact with GABAA receptors, leading to sedation at low doses and potentially coma and death at higher doses. Phenobarbital, a long-acting barbiturate, possesses...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Genetic Causes of Auditory Neuropathy: A Systematic Review.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Superior gluteal vein entrapment: targeted surgical decompression for aberrant anatomy.

Fertility and sterility·2026
Same author

Respiratory insufficiency and sleep impairment in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

Neuromuscular disorders : NMD·2026
Same author

Bi-allelic variants in NDUFA5 cause a mitochondriopathy with complex I deficiency.

American journal of human genetics·2026
Same author

Metabolic Stroke: Atypical Presentation of Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency.

JIMD reports·2026
Same author

Osteopathic manipulative treatment for refractory chronic traumatic pain and mobility restrictions at a level 1 trauma center.

Journal of osteopathic medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
04:53

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: October 18, 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea and chronic opioid use.

Christian Guilleminault1, Michelle Cao, Herbert J Yue

  • 1Stanford University Sleep Medicine Division, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. cguil@stanford.edu

Lung
|July 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Opioid use can cause sleep-disordered breathing in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Bilevel positive-pressure therapy with a back-up rate effectively treated persistent central apneas and nocturnal awakenings in these patients.

More Related Videos

Auricular Acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Sleep Disorders
05:34

Auricular Acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Sleep Disorders

Published on: August 18, 2023

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
04:53

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: October 18, 2024

Auricular Acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Sleep Disorders
05:34

Auricular Acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Sleep Disorders

Published on: August 18, 2023

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Pulmonology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Opioid analgesics are frequently prescribed for chronic pain.
  • Opioid use is linked to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), including central apneas and nocturnal hypoxemia.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients on chronic opioid therapy may experience complex breathing disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe SDB and its treatment in OSA patients receiving chronic opioid therapy.
  • To compare SDB patterns in opioid-treated OSA patients versus controls.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of different positive airway pressure therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical evaluation and overnight polysomnography (PSG) were performed on 44 OSA patients on chronic opioid therapy and 44 matched controls.
  • Initial treatment involved continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration.
  • Patients with persistent symptoms underwent bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) titration, followed by BiPAP with a backup rate.

Main Results:

  • Opioid-treated OSA patients exhibited a high apnea-hypopnea index (AHI=43.86) with minimal central apneas initially (CAI=0.64).
  • Abnormal breathing patterns included reduced inspiratory effort and prolonged pauses.
  • Despite CPAP and standard BiPAP, central apneas and nocturnal awakenings persisted (AHI=13.81, CAI=11.52).
  • Bilevel positive-pressure therapy with a backup rate successfully controlled SDB in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • OSA patients on chronic opioid therapy present with unique breathing abnormalities.
  • Standard positive airway pressure therapies may be insufficient for managing opioid-induced SDB.
  • Bilevel positive-pressure therapy with a backup rate is the most effective treatment for this patient group.