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Nocturnal enuresis and minor neurological dysfunction at 12 years: a follow-up study
R J Lunsing1, M Hadders-Algra, B C Touwen
1Department of Developmental Neurology, Groningen Perinatal Project, University Hospital, The Netherlands.
Insights
Children with minor neurological dysfunction (MND) have a higher frequency of primary nocturnal enuresis (NE). This association is influenced by socio-economic factors and family history, indicating increased vulnerability.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Neurology
- Child Psychology
Background:
- Primary nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common childhood condition.
- Minor neurological dysfunction (MND) encompasses subtle neurological impairments affecting development.
- The relationship between NE and MND requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the long-term relationship between minor neurological dysfunction (MND) and primary nocturnal enuresis (NE) at 12-year follow-up.
- To identify factors influencing the co-occurrence of NE and MND in children.
Main Methods:
- A longitudinal study design was employed.
- Children with and without MND were compared for NE frequency.
- Statistical analyses were used to explore associations with sex, neonatal condition, socio-economic class, and family history.
Main Results:
- Children with MND exhibited a significantly higher frequency of NE compared to neurologically normal children.
- NE in the MND group was associated with language comprehension and arithmetic difficulties, and behavioral problems.
- Socio-economic class and family history modified the relationship between NE and MND.
Conclusions:
- Children with MND are more vulnerable to developing NE.
- Lower social class and a positive family history exacerbate the risk of NE in children with MND.
- These findings highlight the importance of considering neurological status and socio-environmental factors in managing NE.
Abstract:
On follow-up at 12 years to assess the relationship between minor neurological dysfunction (MND) and primary nocturnal enuresis (NE), the frequency of NE was found to be significantly higher in children with MND (N = 167) than in those who were neurologically normal (N = 174). There was no relationship between NE and sex in the MND group, nor with the neonatal neurological condition. Among MND children, those with NE more often had language comprehension and arithmetic problems and they required special help for behavioural problems more than did those without such problems. The relationship between NE and MND was affected by socio-economic class and family history. It is concluded that children with MND are more vulnerable to NE, particularly in the presence of lower social class and a positive family history.