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Related Concept Videos

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 29, 2010

Stalled replication forks: making ends meet for recognition and stabilization.

Hisao Masai1, Taku Tanaka, Daisuke Kohda

  • 1Genome Dynamics Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan. masai-hs@igakuken.or.jp

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|July 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The bacterial PriA protein, a DNA helicase, stabilizes stalled DNA replication forks. Understanding its structure could reveal how eukaryotes handle replication stress and maintain genomic stability.

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Electrophoretic Analysis of Replication Through Structure-Prone DNA Repeats Within the SV40-Based Human Episome
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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

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Published on: April 29, 2010

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
08:53

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

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Electrophoretic Analysis of Replication Through Structure-Prone DNA Repeats Within the SV40-Based Human Episome

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bacteria utilize the PriA protein, a DEXH-type DNA helicase, for replication restart at stalled forks.
  • PriA's DNA-binding capability is crucial for recognizing and stabilizing stalled replication forks and associated structures.
  • Genomic instability can arise from failures in stalled fork stabilization and restart, highlighting the importance of PriA function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural basis of how PriA protein recognizes arrested replication forks.
  • To understand the mechanism of stalled fork stabilization and restart in bacteria.
  • To provide insights into eukaryotic stalled fork recognition mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Structural analysis of the PriA protein.
  • DNA-binding assays to characterize PriA-DNA interactions.
  • Biochemical studies on PriA's helicase and stabilization activities.

Main Results:

  • PriA specifically binds the 3'-terminus of the nascent leading strand or D-loop invading strand.
  • This recognition occurs via the three-prime terminus binding pocket (TT-pocket) within PriA's DNA binding domain.
  • The structural elucidation provides a molecular basis for PriA's function in fork stabilization.

Conclusions:

  • PriA's unique DNA-binding domain and TT-pocket are key to recognizing stalled replication forks.
  • Understanding PriA's mechanism offers insights into bacterial DNA replication fidelity.
  • The findings may inform studies on how stalled forks are recognized in eukaryotic systems.