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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Assessing Iron Deposition in the Brains of 5xFAD Mice by Perls'/DAB Staining

Assessing Iron Deposition in the Brains of 5xFAD Mice by Perls'/DAB Staining

Published on: May 23, 2025

Iron deficiency anemia and cognitive function in infancy.

R Colin Carter¹, Joseph L Jacobson, Matthew J Burden

¹Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. robertcolin.carter@childrens.harvard.edu

|July 28, 2010

Summary

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants impairs object permanence and memory. Socioemotional deficits associated with IDA exacerbate these cognitive effects, particularly in vulnerable children.

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Published on: May 4, 2020

Area of Science:

Pediatric Health
Developmental Psychology
Nutritional Neuroscience

Background:

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent condition in infancy.
Cognitive development in early childhood is crucial for long-term outcomes.
The interplay between nutritional status, socioemotional development, and cognitive function in infants requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of IDA on specific infant cognitive domains.
To explore the mediating or moderating role of socioemotional deficits in the relationship between IDA and cognitive function.

Main Methods:

Infants were assessed at 9 and 12 months for IDA using hemoglobin levels and iron deficiency indicators.
Cognitive function was evaluated using the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence (FTII) and A-not-B task.
Socioemotional development was assessed using the Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability Temperament Survey and Behavior Rating Scale.

Main Results:

Infants with IDA demonstrated significantly poorer object permanence at 9 months compared to iron-sufficient infants.
IDA was associated with impaired recognition memory on the FTII.
Socioemotional measures, specifically orientation/engagement, partially mediated the cognitive effects of IDA.

Conclusions:

IDA in 9-month-old infants is linked to deficits in object permanence and short-term memory.
Socioemotional deficits play a partial role in mediating the cognitive consequences of IDA.
Infants with poorer socioemotional performance are more susceptible to the negative cognitive impacts of IDA.