Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Uncertainty Principle

The Uncertainty Principle

Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...

Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Concentration

Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Concentration

A system at equilibrium is in a state of dynamic balance, with forward and reverse reactions taking place at equal rates. If an equilibrium system is subjected to a change in conditions that affects these reaction rates differently (a stress), then the rates are no longer equal and the system is not at equilibrium. The system will subsequently experience a net reaction in the direction of a greater rate (a shift) that will re-establish the equilibrium. This phenomenon is summarized by Le...

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:

The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule

The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule

To determine the electron configuration for any particular atom, we can build the structures in the order of atomic numbers. Beginning with hydrogen, and continuing across the periods of the periodic table, we add one proton at a time to the nucleus and one electron to the proper subshell until we have described the electron configurations of all the elements. This procedure is called the aufbau principle, from the German word aufbau (“to build up”). Each added electron occupies the...

Archimedes' Principle

Archimedes' Principle

Archimedes' principle states that an upward buoyant force exerted on a body that is immersed partially or entirely in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it. To understand how much buoyant force is needed to make an object float, let us think about what happens when a submerged object is removed from a fluid. If the object were not in the fluid, the space occupied by the object would be filled by the fluid having a weight wfl. This weight is supported by the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

How far neuroscience is from understanding brains.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2023

Same author

Local networks from different parts of the human cerebral cortex generate and share the same population dynamic.

Cerebral cortex communications·2022

Same author

Emerging principles of spacetime in brains: Meeting report on spatial neurodynamics.

Neuron·2022

Same author

A three-step reconstruction method for fluorescence molecular tomography based on compressive sensing.

Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering·2017

Same author

Space-Time Dynamics of Membrane Currents Evolve to Shape Excitation, Spiking, and Inhibition in the Cortex at Small and Large Scales.

Neuron·2017

Same author

Breaking the Excitation-Inhibition Balance Makes the Cortical Network's Space-Time Dynamics Distinguish Simple Visual Scenes.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2017

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Visual Dynamics to Simplify Molecular Dynamics Simulations Using Gromacs

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Visual Dynamics to Simplify Molecular Dynamics Simulations Using Gromacs

Published on: August 9, 2024

Six principles of visual cortical dynamics.

¹Department of Neuroscience, Division of Brain Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Sweden.

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience

|July 28, 2010

Summary

This study outlines six principles of visual processing dynamics within the first 150 milliseconds. It details feed-forward and feedback mechanisms in neural communication for scene interpretation.

Keywords:

cortical theory feedback inter-area communication laminar firing membrane potential object motion object vision voltage-sensitive dyes

More Related Videos

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

Published on: January 22, 2018

Visualization of Cortex Organization and Dynamics in Microorganisms, using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Visualization of Cortex Organization and Dynamics in Microorganisms, using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: May 1, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Visual Dynamics to Simplify Molecular Dynamics Simulations Using Gromacs

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Visual Dynamics to Simplify Molecular Dynamics Simulations Using Gromacs

Published on: August 9, 2024

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

Published on: January 22, 2018

Visualization of Cortex Organization and Dynamics in Microorganisms, using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Visualization of Cortex Organization and Dynamics in Microorganisms, using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: May 1, 2012

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Vision Science
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Understanding neural computation for visual scene interpretation is a key goal in vision science.
Cortical processing involves complex dynamics of neuronal communication and integration.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose six principles of cortical dynamics in visual processing within 150 milliseconds post-stimulus.
To explain the mechanisms of feed-forward and feedback communication in visual areas.

Main Methods:

Theoretical modeling of neuronal communication and integration.
Analysis of synaptic transmission, neuronal excitation, and feedback loops.
Examination of mesoscopic scale population dynamics and retinotopic decoding.

Main Results:

Visual processing involves a dynamic sequence of feed-forward communication (30-70 ms) and feedback reconciliation (75-120 ms).
Neurons are pre-excited to sub-threshold levels, followed by sparse firing reflecting scene interpretation by 140 ms.
Population membrane potentials and firing patterns are well-behaved at the mesoscopic scale.

Conclusions:

The proposed principles offer plausible biophysical explanations for visual processing dynamics.
These theoretical principles are predictive, supported by existing experiments, and amenable to further testing and modeling.