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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...

Metastasis

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Obtaining Cancer Stem Cell Spheres from Gynecological and Breast Cancer Tumors

Obtaining Cancer Stem Cell Spheres from Gynecological and Breast Cancer Tumors

Published on: March 1, 2020

Urothelial cancer stem cells.

Irena Dimov¹, Milan Visnjic, Vladisav Stefanovic

¹University of Nis School of Medicine, Nis, Serbia.

Thescientificworldjournal

|July 28, 2010

Summary

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor growth and therapy resistance. Understanding urothelial CSCs in urothelial cell carcinomas (UCCs) is key for developing new treatments.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Stem Cell Biology
Urology

Background:

Tumors originate from cancer stem cells (CSCs), analogous to normal tissue stem cells.
CSCs are implicated in tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance.
Understanding CSCs is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on CSCs in urothelial cell carcinomas (UCCs).
To explore similarities between urothelial CSCs and adult urothelial stem cells.
To discuss CSC origins, regulatory pathways, markers, and therapeutic strategies in UCCs.

Main Methods:

Literature review of CSCs in urothelial cell carcinomas.
Analysis of similarities between CSCs and normal urothelial stem cells.

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Examination of regulatory pathways, surface markers, and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

CSCs are identified as a highly tumorigenic stem-like compartment in UCCs.
Urothelial differentiation programs exist within UCCs, raising questions about initiation.
Similarities and differences between urothelial CSCs and normal stem cells are being elucidated.

Conclusions:

CSCs play a critical role in UCC initiation, progression, and treatment resistance.
Further research into urothelial CSCs is essential for novel therapeutic development.
Targeting CSCs holds promise for more effective UCC treatments.