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Light Acquisition02:16

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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data
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Shade material evaluation using a cattle response model and meteorological instrumentation.

Roger A Eigenberg1, Tami M Brown-Brandl, John A Nienaber

  • 1USDA-ARS US Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. BOX 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA. roger.eigenberg@ars.usda.gov

International Journal of Biometeorology
|July 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Shade structures effectively reduce heat stress in feedlot cattle. Different shade materials significantly lowered the time cattle spent in high-stress conditions during peak daylight hours.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Feedlot cattle experience heat stress, impacting their well-being and productivity.
  • Selecting effective shade materials is crucial for mitigating heat stress in cattle.
  • Quantifiable data on shade material effectiveness is needed for informed selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the relative effectiveness of various shade materials in reducing heat stress in feedlot cattle.
  • To quantify the impact of different shade structures on cattle stress levels during summer conditions.
  • To provide data for selecting optimal shade materials for feedlot environments.

Main Methods:

  • Instrumented shade structures (3.6m x 6.0m) were used with various shade materials: 100% polyethylene, 60% silver reflective, 60% black, and 30% poly snow fence.
  • Shade structures were equipped with solar radiation meters and black globe thermometers to measure radiant energy.
  • Meteorological data (temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation) were collected for a non-shaded control.
  • Physiological and black globe temperature models were utilized for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • All tested shade materials significantly reduced the time feedlot cattle spent in the highest stress category.
  • Hourly stress reductions were significant (P < 0.05) for all shade materials compared to no-shade during peak daylight and full sun conditions.
  • Differences in effectiveness were observed among the various shade materials evaluated.

Conclusions:

  • Shade structures are a viable method for reducing heat stress in feedlot cattle.
  • All evaluated shade materials demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating heat stress, with significant differences observed.
  • The study provides valuable data for optimizing shade structure selection in feedlot operations to improve animal welfare.