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Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

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Related Experiment Videos

Cushing disease presenting as arthritis.

Ketan Prasad Kulkarni1, Inderpal Singh Kochar

  • 1Apollo Center for Advanced Pediatrics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India. ketanpkulkarni@gmail.com

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|July 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cushing's disease, a form of Cushing's syndrome, rarely presents with arthritis. This case study details a child with a pituitary microadenoma who initially showed arthritis symptoms and later developed keratolysis exfoliativa.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Cushing's syndrome is characterized by hypercortisolism, leading to a diverse range of clinical manifestations.
  • Typical presentations of Cushing's disease do not include arthritic symptoms or keratolysis exfoliativa.
  • Pituitary microadenomas are a common cause of Cushing's disease in children.

Observation:

  • A 12-year-old male presented with symptoms initially mimicking arthritis.
  • The patient was diagnosed with a pituitary microadenoma, the underlying cause of his condition.
  • Subsequently, the patient developed keratolysis exfoliativa, a rare skin condition.

Findings:

  • This case highlights an unusual presentation of Cushing's disease in a pediatric patient.
  • The co-occurrence of arthritis and keratolysis exfoliativa in Cushing's disease is previously undescribed.
  • The pituitary microadenoma was identified as the source of excess cortisol production.

Implications:

  • Broadens the differential diagnosis for pediatric arthritis and unexplained skin conditions.
  • Emphasizes the importance of considering endocrine disorders in children with atypical presentations.
  • Suggests further investigation into potential links between hypercortisolism and dermatological manifestations.