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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)01:23

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)

Measuring blood pressure is a fundamental skill in healthcare that aids in diagnosing and monitoring hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. An aneroid sphygmomanometer, commonly used in clinical settings, offers a manual and precise method for blood pressure measurement. The technique for using this instrument involves specific steps that must be carefully executed to ensure accuracy. The following detailed description outlines a two-step technique for assessing blood pressure using...
Sites for measuring blood pressure01:21

Sites for measuring blood pressure

Blood pressure measurement is a fundamental clinical procedure, providing crucial data for assessing cardiovascular health. Among the various sites for this measurement, the brachial and popliteal arteries are predominantly utilized due to their accessibility and the reliability of their readings. This lesson delves into the anatomical significance, methodology, and considerations of measuring blood pressure at these locations.
The Brachial Artery: Primary Site for Blood Pressure Measurement
Measurement of Fluid Pressure01:16

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...
Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring01:25

Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring

Blood pressure monitoring is a crucial clinical procedure in diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions. Despite its significance, the accuracy of blood pressure measurements can be compromised by multiple factors, potentially leading to either falsely high or low readings. These inaccuracies are critical as they can significantly impact patient care. So, it is vital to understand these challenges deeply and adopt strategic approaches to minimize errors.
Several factors...
Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a stethoscope.
Special considerations while measuring blood pressure01:28

Special considerations while measuring blood pressure

When assessing blood pressure (BP), healthcare professionals must consider various factors and potential unexpected outcomes to ensure accurate readings and provide proper patient care. Adhering to these guidelines is essential to achieving the most reliable results.
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Non-Nutritive Suck Parameters Measurements Using a Custom Pressure Transducer System
06:19

Non-Nutritive Suck Parameters Measurements Using a Custom Pressure Transducer System

Published on: April 19, 2024

Normal pressure values and repeatability of the Emed® ST2 system.

M Maetzler1, T Bochdansky, R J Abboud

  • 1Institute of Motion Analysis and Research, Orthopaedic & Trauma Surgery, University of Dundee, TORT Centre, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, UK.

Gait & Posture
|July 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The Emed® ST2 system demonstrated excellent repeatability for measuring foot pressure. This study provides normal pressure values, confirming the system

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Podiatry
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Plantar pressure measurement is crucial for diagnosing foot pathologies.
  • The Emed® ST2 system is a tool for assessing plantar pressure distribution.
  • Understanding the repeatability and normal pressure ranges of this system is essential for clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the repeatability of the Emed® ST2 system for plantar pressure measurements.
  • To establish the range of normal plantar pressure values in healthy individuals using the Emed® ST2 system.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-three healthy subjects (14 female, 9 male) participated.
  • Measurements were taken on two separate occasions, 7 days apart.
  • Key parameters recorded included: begin of contact (BC), end of contact (EC), contact time (CT), peak pressure (PP), instant of peak pressure (IPP), contact area (CA), and pressure-time integral (PTI).

Main Results:

  • The coefficient of repeatability (CR) was below 16.0% for all 63 measured parameters.
  • 87.3% of parameters showed a CR of less than 10% of the mean.
  • Highest peak pressures were observed under the great toe and second metatarsal heads.
  • Contact time was highest under metatarsal heads (74-85%) and great toe (71%).
  • The heel exhibited the largest contact area (33.8 cm²).

Conclusions:

  • The Emed® ST2 system exhibits high repeatability for plantar pressure analysis.
  • The established normal pressure ranges align well with existing literature for similar systems (e.g., Emed® ST4).
  • This validates the Emed® ST2 system for reliable clinical use in assessing foot biomechanics.