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Related Concept Videos

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-linked receptors (GPCRs) and...
Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:29

Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

The rough ER membrane synthesizes, assembles, and embeds transmembrane proteins in diverse topologies. These proteins function as transporters or channels and can remain in the ER membrane or are sent to the Golgi complex, lysosome, and cell membrane.
The multipass transmembrane proteins are the type IV integral membrane proteins with multiple topogenic sequences determining their spatial arrangement in the ER membrane. Nearly all multipass proteins lack a cleavable signal sequence and use...
Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins01:25

Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins

Integral membrane proteins are tightly associated with the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell communication, signaling, adhesion, and transport of the molecules. Some integral membrane proteins are present only in the membrane monolayer. For example, the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase is present in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane monolayer. In contrast, another type of integral membrane protein, also known as a transmembrane protein, spans across the membrane. Transmembrane...
Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:26

Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

Integral membrane proteins are proteins adhered to the lipid bilayer of a cell organelle or membrane. They can be of two types: transmembrane integral proteins that span the lipid bilayer and monotopic proteins that are attached to either side of the membrane but do not pass through it.
Integral transmembrane proteins possess transmembrane and extra membrane domains. The transmembrane domains are primarily made of 20-25 hydrophobic amino acids arranged in a helical secondary confirmation. These...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...
Structure of Porins01:21

Structure of Porins

Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and gram-negative bacteria have transmembrane, beta-barrel proteins called porins to mediate the free diffusion of ions and metabolites across the membrane. Mitochondrial porin precursors contain conserved amino acid sequences called beta signals at their C-terminal. Beta signals have a  motif of PoXGXXHyXHy (Po-Polar, X-Any amino acid, G-Glycine, Hy-LargeHydrophobic), which are crucial for precursor recognition to initiate precursor assembly. Beta-barrel precursors...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Production of Disulfide-stabilized Transmembrane Peptide Complexes for Structural Studies
12:05

Production of Disulfide-stabilized Transmembrane Peptide Complexes for Structural Studies

Published on: March 6, 2013

3D structural models of transmembrane proteins.

Alexandre G de Brevern1

  • 1INSERM UMR-S 665, Dynamique des Structures et Interactions des Macromolécules Biologiques (DSIMB), Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7, Paris, France. alexandre.debrevern@univ-paris-diderot.fr

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate structural models of transmembrane proteins are crucial for understanding biological processes and diseases. Current methods combine comparative modeling with secondary structure prediction, emphasizing experimental data for reliable results.

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Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Production of Disulfide-stabilized Transmembrane Peptide Complexes for Structural Studies
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Expression and Purification of the Human Lipid-sensitive Cation Channel TRPC3 for Structural Determination by Single-particle Cryo-electron Microscopy
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Expression and Purification of the Human Lipid-sensitive Cation Channel TRPC3 for Structural Determination by Single-particle Cryo-electron Microscopy

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Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy
10:49

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: March 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Transmembrane proteins play vital roles in biological processes and disease pathogenesis.
  • Limited availability of experimental 3D structures hinders research on these critical macromolecules.
  • The unique membrane environment presents challenges for structural determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline effective strategies for building structural models of transmembrane proteins.
  • To address the limitations of automatic homology modeling for these proteins.
  • To highlight the importance of integrating experimental data in structural modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing comparative modeling combined with secondary structure prediction for transmembrane protein modeling.
  • Employing refinement and assessment steps, potentially iterating through comparative modeling.
  • Incorporating analysis of helix-helix and helix-lipid interactions, and quaternary structure assembly.

Main Results:

  • A multi-step protocol involving secondary structure prediction enhances comparative modeling accuracy.
  • Iterative refinement and assessment are crucial for improving structural model quality.
  • Consideration of specific interactions and oligomeric states contributes to more comprehensive models.

Conclusions:

  • Complex protocols integrating prediction and modeling are necessary for transmembrane protein structures.
  • Experimental data integration is paramount for validating and refining structural models.
  • Advanced modeling approaches can now account for complex interactions and quaternary structures.