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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...

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Related Experiment Videos

Cutaneous sarcoidosis.

Richard M Marchell1, Marc A Judson

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. marchell@musc.edu

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|July 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcoidosis commonly affects the skin, presenting as nonspecific or specific lesions. While erythema nodosum indicates a good prognosis, lupus pernio suggests a poorer outcome, necessitating targeted treatments.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Systemic Diseases

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease that frequently involves the skin.
  • Cutaneous sarcoidosis presents with diverse manifestations, broadly categorized into nonspecific and specific types based on histological findings.
  • Nonspecific lesions, like erythema nodosum, often correlate with a favorable prognosis, whereas specific granulomatous lesions, such as lupus pernio, can indicate a more severe disease course.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentations of cutaneous sarcoidosis.
  • To discuss the prognostic implications of different skin manifestations.
  • To outline current and emerging treatment strategies for skin involvement in sarcoidosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cutaneous sarcoidosis.
  • Classification of skin lesions based on histological presence of granulomas.
  • Analysis of clinical features, prognosis, and treatment options for various sarcoidosis skin manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Erythema nodosum is the most frequent nonspecific skin manifestation, associated with a good prognosis.
  • Specific skin lesions, often characterized by a yellow translucent appearance, include lupus pernio, a nodular violaceous facial eruption linked to scarring and poor prognosis.
  • Corticosteroids are the primary treatment, with corticosteroid-sparing agents and biologic agents like TNF-alpha inhibitors showing potential for refractory cases.

Conclusions:

  • Cutaneous sarcoidosis exhibits varied presentations with differing prognoses.
  • Effective management focuses on preventing disfigurement and scarring, utilizing corticosteroids as first-line therapy.
  • Advanced therapies, including biologic agents, offer new hope for managing treatment-resistant cutaneous sarcoidosis.