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Related Concept Videos

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-linked receptors (GPCRs) and...
Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell types have...
Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins01:25

Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins

Integral membrane proteins are tightly associated with the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell communication, signaling, adhesion, and transport of the molecules. Some integral membrane proteins are present only in the membrane monolayer. For example, the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase is present in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane monolayer. In contrast, another type of integral membrane protein, also known as a transmembrane protein, spans across the membrane. Transmembrane...
Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy
10:49

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: March 5, 2017

Structures of membrane proteins.

Kutti R Vinothkumar1, Richard Henderson

  • 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK. vkumar@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics
|July 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This review summarizes membrane protein structures determined by 2009, highlighting key achievements and variations in protein families. It analyzes factors driving progress and future challenges in structural biology.

Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Membrane protein structure determination has advanced significantly.
  • Early studies focused on abundant proteins with limited conformational changes.
  • Over 150 unique membrane protein structures were determined by 2009.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of membrane protein structures.
  • To group structures by function and architecture.
  • To analyze the reasons for rapid progress in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published membrane protein structures up to 2009.
  • Classification of structures based on function and architecture.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to successful structure determination.

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Native Cell Membrane Nanoparticles System for Membrane Protein-Protein Interaction Analysis

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From Constructs to Crystals – Towards Structure Determination of β-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins
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From Constructs to Crystals – Towards Structure Determination of β-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins

Published on: July 4, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy
10:49

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: March 5, 2017

Native Cell Membrane Nanoparticles System for Membrane Protein-Protein Interaction Analysis
07:31

Native Cell Membrane Nanoparticles System for Membrane Protein-Protein Interaction Analysis

Published on: July 16, 2020

From Constructs to Crystals – Towards Structure Determination of β-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins
09:55

From Constructs to Crystals – Towards Structure Determination of β-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins

Published on: July 4, 2016

Main Results:

  • Comprehensive review of membrane protein structural data.
  • Categorization of structures illustrating major principles and variations.
  • Identification of key achievements and illustrated examples.

Conclusions:

  • The field of membrane protein structural biology has seen remarkable growth.
  • Technological advancements have accelerated structure determination.
  • Continued research is essential to address remaining challenges.