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Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...
Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

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Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly monitored using...
Upstream Processing01:27

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Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

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Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
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Published on: August 10, 2016

Ionic liquids: applications and future trends in bioreactor technology.

Guillermo Quijano1, Annabelle Couvert, Abdeltif Amrane

  • 1Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6226, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France. guillermo.quijano@ensc-rennes.fr

Bioresource Technology
|July 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Ionic liquids (ILs) offer tunable properties for biotechnology but face challenges with decomposition and toxicity. Modifying IL structures can enhance their "green" applications in biocatalysis and beyond.

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are novel ionic solvents with desirable properties like low vapor pressure and high stability.
  • ILs are increasingly explored for biotechnological applications, including enzymatic and microbial catalysis.
  • Concerns regarding IL decomposition and toxicity challenge their 'green' solvent designation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of ionic liquids in biotechnological applications.
  • To discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with ILs in biocatalysis.
  • To identify future research directions for optimizing ILs in biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on ionic liquids and biotechnology.
  • Analysis of studies reporting IL properties, applications, and limitations.
  • Synthesis of findings to identify trends and research gaps.

Main Results:

  • Biotechnological applications of ILs have significantly increased.
  • ILs offer tunable physicochemical properties, enabling 'designer solvent' applications.
  • Toxicity and decomposition issues require careful consideration and structural modification.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic liquids hold significant promise for biotechnology, but their environmental impact requires further investigation.
  • Tailoring IL chemical structures is crucial for mitigating toxicity and enhancing compatibility with biological systems.
  • Future research should focus on developing safer, more stable ILs for sustainable biotechnological processes.