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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
08:23

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 9, 2018

A novel breath analysis system based on electronic olfaction.

Dongmin Guo, David Zhang, Naimin Li

    IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
    |July 30, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel breath analysis system for disease diagnosis. The system effectively identifies biomarkers for conditions like diabetes, renal disease, and airway inflammation, aiding medical treatment evaluation.

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    Combining a Breath-Synchronized Olfactometer with Brain Simulation to Study the Impact of Odors on Corticospinal Excitability and Effective Connectivity
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    Combining a Breath-Synchronized Olfactometer with Brain Simulation to Study the Impact of Odors on Corticospinal Excitability and Effective Connectivity

    Published on: January 19, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Medical Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Breath contains gases indicative of diseases and clinical conditions.
    • Gas chromatography (GC) and electronic nose (e-nose) are current methods for breath analysis.
    • GC is accurate but costly and non-portable; e-nose is low-cost but lacks specificity for disease diagnosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel, specialized system for accurate breath analysis.
    • To identify and classify specific biomarkers in human breath for disease detection.
    • To evaluate the system's efficacy in medical treatment assessment and disease identification.

    Main Methods:

    • Selection of chemical sensors sensitive to breath biomarkers.
    • Development of a dedicated breath analysis system.
    • Implementation of odor signal preprocessing and classification algorithms.
    • Experimental validation using breath samples from healthy individuals and patients with diabetes, renal disease, and airway inflammation.

    Main Results:

    • The system successfully distinguished breath samples from healthy subjects and those with diabetes, renal disease, and airway inflammation.
    • The system demonstrated utility in evaluating the efficacy of hemodialysis for renal failure patients.
    • The developed system offers a specialized approach to breath analysis for diagnostics.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel breath analysis system is effective for distinguishing various diseases.
    • The system shows promise for monitoring treatment efficacy, particularly for renal failure.
    • This technology offers a cost-effective and specialized alternative for breath diagnostics.