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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

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A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

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Lupus pleuritis: a relevant risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis.

S G Pasoto¹, E F Borba, E Bonfa

¹Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. sandrapasoto@yahoo.com.br

|July 30, 2010

Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with a history of pleuritis face a significantly higher risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. This pleural inflammation is a key factor in SLE patients

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A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

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Published on: October 5, 2015

Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Infectious Diseases
Pulmonology

Background:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with complex immune dysregulation.
Increased susceptibility to infections, including tuberculosis, is a known complication in SLE patients.
Identifying specific risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in SLE is crucial for early detection and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the clinical and laboratorial risk factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis development in patients with SLE.
To determine if prior organ involvements or therapies influence TB risk in SLE patients.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 1283 SLE patients (ACR criteria) from 2001-2009.
Comparison of clinical/laboratorial features between 20 SLE patients with pulmonary TB (TB+ group) and 40 matched controls (TB- group).
Statistical analysis to identify significant risk factors for pulmonary TB in the SLE cohort.

Main Results:

Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 1.6% of the SLE patients studied.
No significant difference in frequencies of prior SLE involvements (cutaneous, articular, renal, etc.) between TB+ and TB- groups.
Prior pleuritis was significantly more frequent in the TB+ group (40% vs. 5%, p=0.001), with 80% of TB+ patients having a history of pleuritis.

Conclusions:

Pleuritis emerges as a significant risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis in SLE patients.
Previous pleural injury may play a critical role in the susceptibility to mycobacterial infection in the context of an altered immune system.
Further research into the interplay of pleural inflammation, immune status, and socio-economic factors is warranted.