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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Rapid Analysis of Circadian Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Transfected with a Luminescent Clock Reporter
07:42

Rapid Analysis of Circadian Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Transfected with a Luminescent Clock Reporter

Published on: September 17, 2016

Cannabinoids excite circadian clock neurons.

Claudio Acuna-Goycolea1, Karl Obrietan, Anthony N van den Pol

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|July 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cannabinoids, like those in marijuana, affect the brain's internal clock (circadian rhythm). They impair the clock's ability to sync with environmental light cues, potentially explaining users' distorted sense of time.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Rapid Analysis of Circadian Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Transfected with a Luminescent Clock Reporter
07:42

Rapid Analysis of Circadian Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Transfected with a Luminescent Clock Reporter

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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Chronobiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cannabinoids, active compounds in marijuana, are known to distort time perception.
  • The brain's circadian clock, regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), governs daily rhythms.
  • Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) is implicated in various brain functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of cannabinoids on the SCN and circadian clock function.
  • To determine the role of CB1R in cannabinoid-induced alterations of circadian entrainment.
  • To explore the mechanism by which cannabinoids influence SCN neuronal activity.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings (patch clamp, cell-attached) on SCN neurons.
  • Molecular techniques including RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry to detect CB1R.
  • Behavioral analysis in mice to assess circadian rhythm and light entrainment.
  • Pharmacological manipulation using CB1R antagonists.

Main Results:

  • The SCN exhibits significant expression of CB1R in neurons and axons.
  • Cannabinoids did not disrupt the free-running circadian rhythm but impaired entrainment to light.
  • Cannabinoids exerted an excitatory effect on SCN neurons via presynaptic CB1R inhibition of GABA release.
  • No effect on glutamate release from the retinohypothalamic projection was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Cannabinoids modulate circadian clock entrainment through actions within the SCN.
  • The findings suggest altered circadian clock function and environmental cue entrainment contribute to cannabinoid-induced time distortion.
  • Presynaptic CB1R-mediated inhibition of GABA release is a key mechanism in the SCN.