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Acyclovir therapy in neonates.

J A Englund1, C V Fletcher, H H Balfour

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Hospital, Minneapolis.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|July 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Neonates with kidney or liver dysfunction accumulate acyclovir. Adjusting acyclovir dosage based on serum creatinine levels is recommended for neonates to prevent drug accumulation.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Acyclovir is a crucial antiviral medication used in neonates.
  • Neonates, particularly those with organ dysfunction, may exhibit altered drug metabolism and excretion.
  • Understanding acyclovir pharmacokinetics in this vulnerable population is essential for safe and effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of acyclovir in neonates.
  • To investigate the impact of renal dysfunction on acyclovir disposition in neonates.
  • To establish guidelines for acyclovir dosing in neonates with impaired organ function.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study enrolling neonates with suspected herpes virus infections.
  • Serum acyclovir concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 16 neonates.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a two-compartment model.

    • Main Results:

    • Acyclovir disposition followed a two-compartment model in neonates.
    • A statistically significant correlation was found between acyclovir clearance and serum creatinine levels.
    • The terminal elimination half-life (t 1/2 beta) of acyclovir was significantly prolonged in neonates with elevated creatinine.

    Conclusions:

    • Neonates with hepatic or renal dysfunction, or those who are premature, are at risk of acyclovir accumulation.
    • Serum creatinine levels or creatinine clearance can serve as valuable indicators for adjusting acyclovir dosage in neonates.
    • Optimized acyclovir dosing is critical to ensure therapeutic efficacy and minimize toxicity in neonates with organ dysfunction.