Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

16.4K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
16.4K
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

12.3K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.3K
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

18.1K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
18.1K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

12.5K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
12.5K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

5.9K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.9K
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

3.0K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diversification of kangaroos and broader turnover among marsupial terrestrial herbivores coincided with emerging aridification then incipient grasslands.

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution·2026
Same author

Avian GCGR-mediated continuous fat utilization offers perspectives for obesity treatment.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

GPR15 differentially regulates the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Signal transduction and targeted therapy·2025
Same author

EBV induces CNS homing of B cells attracting inflammatory T cells.

Nature·2025
Same author

Constitutively active glucagon receptor drives high blood glucose in birds.

Nature·2025
Same author

S1PR1-biased activation drives the resolution of endothelial dysfunction-associated inflammatory diseases by maintaining endothelial integrity.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
11:52

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

7.8K

Tracking marsupial evolution using archaic genomic retroposon insertions.

Maria A Nilsson1, Gennady Churakov, Mirjam Sommer

  • 1Institute of Experimental Pathology (ZMBE), University of Münster, Münster, Germany. mnilsson@uni-muenster.de

Plos Biology
|July 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marsupial mammal evolution is clarified using novel retroposon markers. This study resolves relationships, showing Australasian marsupials and Microbiotheria share an origin, with opossums branching first, indicating a South America to Australia migration.

More Related Videos

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites
09:31

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

Published on: March 22, 2016

17.3K
Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR
10:54

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR

Published on: July 27, 2019

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
11:52

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

7.8K
Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites
09:31

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

Published on: March 22, 2016

17.3K
Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR
10:54

Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR

Published on: July 27, 2019

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • * Evolutionary Biology
  • * Genomics
  • * Paleobiogeography

Background:

  • * Marsupial mammals (kangaroos, opossums) are close relatives of placental mammals, sharing an ancestor ~130 million years ago.
  • * The evolutionary relationships among the seven marsupial orders, particularly the placement of South American Microbiotheria within Australidelphia, remain debated.
  • * Previous molecular and morphological data support Australidelphia but have not resolved Microbiotheria's exact phylogenetic position.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To resolve the basal relationships among marsupial orders using novel, homoplasy-free retroposon insertion markers.
  • * To investigate the evolutionary history and biogeography of marsupials.

Main Methods:

  • * Identification and analysis of 53 phylogenetically informative retroposon insertion markers.
  • * Screening of approximately 217,000 retroposon-containing loci from opossum and kangaroo genomes.
  • * Utilizing computational and experimental evidence to establish phylogenetic relationships.

Main Results:

  • * The four Australasian marsupial orders share a single origin with Microbiotheria as their sister group, confirming a divergence between South American and Australasian marsupials.
  • * South American opossums (Didelphimorphia) are identified as the earliest diverging lineage within marsupials.
  • * Retroposon insertion patterns support a single marsupial migration event from South America to Australia.

Conclusions:

  • * The established marsupial phylogeny provides a robust framework for understanding marsupial evolution.
  • * This research clarifies the complex biogeographic history of marsupials.
  • * The findings offer insights into the evolution of retroposable elements and genomic changes within the marsupial lineage.