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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse.
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...

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Related Experiment Video

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All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

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Time-dependent depolarization of aligned D(2) caused by hyperfine coupling.

Nate C-M Bartlett1, Justinas Jankunas, Richard N Zare

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|July 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Molecular deuterium alignment oscillates due to nuclear spin coupling. This study accurately models these dynamics by considering both I(T)=0 and I(T)=2 nuclear spin states.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Physics
  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Molecular deuterium (D2) exhibits complex rotational and nuclear spin interactions.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for precise molecular state control and characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the time-dependent alignment of molecular deuterium's rotational angular momentum (J).
  • To analyze the influence of nuclear spin coupling on this alignment dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Stimulated Raman pumping prepared molecular deuterium in a specific quantum state (J=2, M=0 of ν=1).
  • Optical excitation followed by time-resolved [2+1] resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization monitored alignment via the O(2) line.
  • Pump-probe delays ranged from 0 to 20 μs.

Main Results:

  • Observed oscillations in the degree of rotational angular momentum alignment.
  • The time dependence was successfully fitted using previously determined hyperfine coupling constants for the ν=0 state.
  • Accurate fitting required accounting for both I(T)=0 and I(T)=2 nuclear spin states.

Conclusions:

  • The coupling between rotational angular momentum and total nuclear spin angular momentum significantly influences molecular deuterium's alignment.
  • The study validates the importance of considering specific nuclear spin states (I(T)=0 and I(T)=2) for accurate modeling of o-deuterium dynamics.