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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Related Experiment Video

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Genetic Profiling and Genome-Scale Dropout Screening to Identify Therapeutic Targets in Mouse Models of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

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Published on: August 25, 2023

[Multiple endocrine neoplasia: genetic aspects].

Alain Calender¹,

¹Génétique Moléculaire et Médicale, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, F-69437 - Lyon cedex 03. alain.calender@chu-lyon.fr

Bulletin De L'Academie Nationale De Medecine

|July 31, 2010

Summary

Genetic analysis of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN1 and MEN2) has improved understanding and management of these hereditary endocrine tumor disorders. Identifying mutated genes like RET and MEN1 enables targeted therapies and better patient outcomes.

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Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells

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Published on: August 25, 2021

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Genetics
Oncology

Context:

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN1 and MEN2) are inherited disorders with high risks of endocrine tumors.
Gene identification (RET for MEN2 in 1993, MEN1 in 1997) has revolutionized patient management.
These conditions follow autosomal dominant inheritance with high penetrance.

Purpose:

To review the genetic basis of MEN1 and MEN2.
To highlight the role of genetic testing in clinical strategies and understanding tumor development.
To briefly discuss other inherited endocrine tumor syndromes.

Summary:

MEN1 involves mutations in the MEN1 gene, encoding menin, a protein crucial for cellular functions.
MEN2 arises from activating mutations in the RET protooncogene, a tyrosine kinase receptor.
Genotype-phenotype correlations exist, particularly linking RET mutation location to medullary thyroid carcinoma aggressiveness.

Impact:

Genetic insights have led to improved clinical and therapeutic strategies for MEN1/2 patients.
Understanding tumor development pathways is enhanced through genetic analysis.
Genetic basis for Carney's syndrome, HRPT2, and FIPA are also briefly outlined.