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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Globular Proteins01:27

Globular Proteins

In organisms, proteins are the most abundant macromolecules. They act as the building blocks of life and play various crucial roles in the body. Proteins can be broadly classified into two distinct subtypes based on their shape and solubilities: globular proteins and fibrous proteins.
Globular proteins serve many important physiological functions, such as acting as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be soluble in the aqueous...
DNA Base Pairing02:27

DNA Base Pairing

Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
The DNA Helix01:16

The DNA Helix

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
05:37

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

Structure, location and interactions of G-quadruplexes.

Julian L Huppert1

  • 1Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK. jlh29@cam.ac.uk

The FEBS Journal
|July 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary

G-quadruplexes are four-stranded DNA structures gaining attention for roles in transcription and translation. This review covers their formation, structures, stability, and computational prediction for biological function insights.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • G-rich DNA can form four-stranded structures known as G-quadruplexes.
  • These structures are increasingly implicated in key biological processes, including DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
  • Understanding G-quadruplexes is crucial for deciphering their roles in cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the formation, structural diversity, and stability of G-quadruplexes.
  • To discuss computational methods for predicting G-quadruplexes across the genome.
  • To explore the integration of computational and experimental approaches for understanding G-quadruplex biological functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental and computational studies.

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In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines

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Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
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Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines
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In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines

Published on: May 12, 2023

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
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Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

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  • Discussion of G-quadruplex structural characteristics and formation.
  • Overview of genomic-scale G-quadruplex prediction algorithms.

    • Main Results:

    • G-quadruplexes exhibit diverse structures stabilized by G-G base stacking.
    • Computational methods enable genome-wide identification of potential G-quadruplex forming sequences.
    • Combined approaches reveal G-quadruplex involvement in gene regulation and other biological processes.

    Conclusions:

    • G-quadruplexes are significant nucleic acid structures with diverse biological roles.
    • Computational predictions, validated by experiments, are key to mapping their genomic distribution and function.
    • Further research integrating structural, computational, and functional data will illuminate their importance in cellular mechanisms.