Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2026
08:13
Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
Published on: January 7, 2018
Further decrease in glycated hemoglobin following ingestion of a LoBAG30 diet for 10 weeks compared to 5 weeks in
Mary C Gannon1,2,3, Heidi Hoover4, Frank Q Nuttall1,3
1Metabolic Research Laboratory and Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Nutrition & Metabolism
|July 31, 2010
Summary
A 10-week low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet (LoBAG30) significantly improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. This low carbohydrate diet led to sustained reductions in glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose without adverse effects.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic studies
- Nutritional science
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Previous 5-week LoBAG30 diet (30% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 40% fat) reduced glycated hemoglobin (%tGHb) and glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.
- Study aimed to assess long-term maintenance/improvement of glycemic control and dietary acceptance over 10 weeks.
Purpose of the Study:
- Evaluate sustained glycemic control with the LoBAG30 diet over 10 weeks.
- Assess metabolic adaptation and patient acceptance of the LoBAG30 diet.
- Quantify protein balance and other blood/urine constituents to understand metabolic adaptation.
Main Methods:
- Eight men with untreated type 2 diabetes participated in a 10-week study.
- Dietary intake consisted of a standard diet (55% CHO, 15% protein, 30% fat) initially, followed by the LoBAG30 diet.
- Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline, 5 weeks, and 10 weeks.
Main Results:
- Body weight remained stable throughout the study.
- Significant reductions observed in fasting glucose (28%) and 24-hour glucose area (35%) by week 10.
- %tGHb decreased by 25% at week 10, indicating linear improvement and metabolic adaptation.
- Insulin levels remained unchanged; IGF-1 increased modestly. No significant changes in other measured hormones or metabolites between weeks 5 and 10.
Conclusions:
- The LoBAG30 diet promotes sustained glycemic control improvement in type 2 diabetes.
- Metabolic equilibrium was established by 10 weeks, with no further significant changes in measured hormones or metabolites.
- The diet demonstrated effectiveness without significant weight loss, unchanged insulin profiles, or negative impacts on lipids, blood pressure, or kidney function.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
01:19Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
01:26Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
01:25Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...