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Related Concept Videos

American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Cholera01:25

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management01:29

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management

Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

In Vitro Drug Screening Against All Life Cycle Stages of Trypanosoma cruzi Using Parasites Expressing &#946;-galactosidase
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In Vitro Drug Screening Against All Life Cycle Stages of Trypanosoma cruzi Using Parasites Expressing β-galactosidase

Published on: November 5, 2021

Chagas disease: changes in knowledge and management.

François-Xavier Lescure1, Guillaume Le Loup, Hector Freilij

  • 1APHP Hôpital Tenon, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. xavier.lescure@tnn.aphp.fr

The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
|July 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chagas disease management is evolving, with progress in control programs but challenges in specific regions and new outbreaks. Research into Trypanosoma cruzi, patient management, and effective treatments is crucial for global health priorities.

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Sexual Transmission of American Trypanosomes from Males and Females to Naive Mates
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Sexual Transmission of American Trypanosomes from Males and Females to Naive Mates

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Sexual Transmission of American Trypanosomes from Males and Females to Naive Mates
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Sexual Transmission of American Trypanosomes from Males and Females to Naive Mates

Published on: January 27, 2019

Area of Science:

  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Parasitology
  • * Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • * Over a century since its discovery, Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) management is undergoing significant transformation.
  • * Control programs show success in endemic areas, yet challenges persist in the Gran Chaco region and new outbreaks emerge in non-endemic areas due to population mobility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review recent advancements in understanding Chagas disease pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment strategies.
  • * To highlight the need for updated diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in light of new research and epidemiological shifts.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of current literature on Trypanosoma cruzi life cycle, genomics, and its role in chronic Chagas disease.
  • * Analysis of evolving clinical perspectives on the disease's phases and patient management.
  • * Consideration of new diagnostic tools like standardized PCR and ongoing treatment research, including the BENEFIT trial.

Main Results:

  • * Significant discoveries in Trypanosoma cruzi genomics and life cycle, clarifying its role in chronic pathogenesis.
  • * Emerging evidence challenges the concept of an indeterminate phase, suggesting new clinical management strategies.
  • * Treatment options remain limited and suboptimal, but indications for use are expanding.

Conclusions:

  • * Continued research into parasite biology and host-pathogen interactions is essential for understanding Chagas disease.
  • * Standardized diagnostic methods and improved, well-tolerated treatments are urgently needed.
  • * Increased financial investment in research and clinical trials is a global health priority for effective Chagas disease control.