Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a uterine...
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Signs of Puberty01:27

Signs of Puberty

Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Early vs Delayed Extubation After Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: The EDESTROKE Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA neurology·2026
Same author

Measuring Accuracy (Classification Probabilities, Positive, and Negative Predictive Values) of Executive Function Electroencephalogram Metrics in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis: Protocol for and Perspectives From the SINCRONIA Study.

JMIR research protocols·2026
Same author

Linking first-pass reperfusion success to proteomic markers in large and medium vessel ischemic stroke: an exploratory study.

Precision clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Suppressed gonadotropins as a warning sign of an extragonadal tumor in an adolescent with Klinefelter syndrome.

Archivos argentinos de pediatria·2026
Same author

Testicular Volume of 4 mL Is Not an Appropriate Marker of Pubertal Onset in a Subset of Boys Born Small for Gestational Age.

Sexual development : genetics, molecular biology, evolution, endocrinology, embryology, and pathology of sex determination and differentiation·2026
Same author

Characterization of congenital hyperinsulinism in Argentina: Clinical features, genetic findings, and treatment outcomes.

PloS one·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Rodent Estrous Cycle Monitoring Utilizing Vaginal Lavage: No Such Thing As a Normal Cycle
09:05

Rodent Estrous Cycle Monitoring Utilizing Vaginal Lavage: No Such Thing As a Normal Cycle

Published on: August 30, 2021

[Menstrual cycle disorders in adolescence].

, María E Escobar, Viviana Pipman

    Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria
    |July 31, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Menstrual disorders are common in adolescents due to immature hormonal regulation. This review covers the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of irregular periods in young women.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

    Rodent Estrous Cycle Monitoring Utilizing Vaginal Lavage: No Such Thing As a Normal Cycle
    09:05

    Rodent Estrous Cycle Monitoring Utilizing Vaginal Lavage: No Such Thing As a Normal Cycle

    Published on: August 30, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Endocrinology
    • Pediatric Gynecology

    Context:

    • Menstrual irregularities are frequently observed in the initial years following menarche.
    • These concerns often lead to pediatric consultations for adolescents and their families.

    Purpose:

    • To provide a comprehensive review of the menstrual cycle's physiology.
    • To elucidate the alterations, etiology, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of menstrual disorders in adolescents.

    Summary:

    • The immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis is the primary cause of post-menarche menstrual disorders.
    • Other contributing factors include general organic or emotional health conditions.
    • The menstrual cycle serves as a sensitive indicator of overall health.

    Impact:

    • Enhances understanding of adolescent menstrual health for healthcare providers.
    • Provides a foundation for accurate diagnosis and effective management strategies.
    • Empowers parents and patients with knowledge regarding menstrual cycle variations.