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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation
Published on: August 16, 2013
Phosphorylated glucosamine inhibits the inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells
Jung-Ae Kim1, Chang-Suk Kong, Sang Yong Pyun
1Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
This study evaluated the effect of phosphorylated glucosamine (pGlc) on the regulation of cytokines involved in immunological activities. Changes in the inflammatory profiles of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated phrobol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 macrophage models were investigated following pGlc treatment. Treatment with pGlc inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, pGlc suppressed the regulation of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, we confirmed that the LPS-stimulated transcription of MAP kinases in PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages was inhibited by pGlc. According to this study, pGlc can be considered as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
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