Porous nanofibrous PLLA scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering

Tissue-engineered small-diameter vascular grafts are needed for patients requiring replacement of their injured coronary and below-the-knee vessels. Understanding the interactions between the scaffolds and implanted cells and therefore the phenotype control of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is critical for constructing functional vascular grafts. In this study, the effect of nanofibrous (NF) poly-L-lactide (PLLA) scaffolds on phenotype control of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) was investigated. A tubular NF PLLA scaffold for blood vessel regeneration was fabricated and cell seeding studies showed cell distribution throughout the scaffold. It was found that NF PLLA scaffolds preferentially supported contractile phenotype of HASMCs under the in vitro culture conditions, as evidenced by elevated gene expression level of SMCs contractile markers including smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, smoothelin and myocardin. In vivo subcutaneous implantation studies confirmed HASMCs differentiation in the implants. Taken together, the results showed promising application of the porous NF PLLA scaffolds for reconstruction of tissue-engineered vascular grafts.