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Summary of invasive pneumococcal disease burden among children in the Asia-Pacific region

Tzou-Yien Lin1, Nitin K Shah, Dennis Brooks

  • 1Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsin Street, Kwei-Shan Hsiang, Taoyuan, Taiwan. pidlin@adm.cgmh.org.tw

Vaccine
|August 3, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a major concern for children in the Asia-Pacific. Vaccination programs using pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) can significantly reduce the burden of IPD and antimicrobial resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) represents a significant public health challenge in the Asia-Pacific region.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are critical factors in understanding and managing IPD.
  • Previous research has highlighted the need for comprehensive data on IPD epidemiology in this diverse region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) serotype distribution of IPD in children across the Asia-Pacific region.
  • To assess the impact of existing and potential vaccination strategies on IPD burden.
  • To analyze trends in antimicrobial resistance among SP serotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published studies on IPD in children from 1999 to 2010 in the Asia-Pacific.
  • Analysis of IPD incidence rates based on age, surveillance methods, and geographical location.
  • Evaluation of serotype coverage of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) and antimicrobial susceptibility data.

Main Results:

  • IPD incidence varied widely across Asia-Pacific countries, with highest rates in children under two years old (100-200 cases per 100,000).
  • Heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) serotype coverage ranged significantly, with ten countries showing high coverage (>70%) and six low coverage (<50%).
  • Most SP serotypes were susceptible to penicillin, but a few countries exhibited high-level resistance; antimicrobial resistance increased over time in some regions.

Conclusions:

  • National vaccination programs incorporating PCV7, PCV10, or PCV13 can substantially decrease the burden of IPD in children under five in the Asia-Pacific.
  • Vaccination is crucial for reducing both overall IPD incidence and the prevalence of penicillin-nonsusceptible IPD.
  • Targeted vaccination strategies are essential to address regional variations in serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance.

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