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Cohesins

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...

Cohesins

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...

Condensins

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...

Condensins

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...

Separation of Sister Chromatids

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...

Separation of Sister Chromatids

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Published on: May 6, 2010

Cohesin ties up the genome.

María Carretero¹, Silvia Remeseiro, Ana Losada

¹Chromosome Dynamics Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

|August 3, 2010

Summary

Cohesin, a protein complex, organizes DNA and regulates gene expression. Its newly discovered roles in interphase chromatin organization are crucial for cell viability and linked to Cornelia de Lange syndrome.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Cell Biology

Background:

Cohesin's primary role is sister chromatid cohesion in mitosis and meiosis.
Emerging evidence indicates cohesin's involvement in interphase chromatin organization.
Cohesin is implicated in gene expression regulation via chromatin topology.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the novel functions of cohesin beyond sister chromatid cohesion.
To understand cohesin's role in interphase chromatin organization and gene regulation.
To assess the relevance of cohesin's chromatin organizing functions in cellular processes and disease.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of current research on cohesin.
Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying cohesin's interaction with chromatin.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

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Published on: May 6, 2010

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Examination of cohesin's role in gene expression and chromatin topology.

Main Results:

Cohesin acts as a regulator of gene expression by constraining chromatin topology.
Cohesin functions in conjunction with factors like CTCF to organize specific DNA loci.
Cohesin's contribution to Cornelia de Lange syndrome pathology is evident.

Conclusions:

Cohesin possesses significant functions in interphase chromatin organization.
These novel functions are critical for cell viability, comparable to its role in cohesion.
Further investigation into cohesin's molecular mechanisms is warranted from this new perspective.