Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

Color Vision

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.

Subliminal Perception

Subliminal Perception

Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Models of the human heart for biomedical research: Opportunities and challenges.

Physiological reports·2026

Same author

Interstitial cells and arrhythmia.

American journal of physiology. Cell physiology·2026

Same author

Cardiac Macrophages and Fibroblasts Modulate Atrial Fibrillation Maintenance.

Circulation research·2026

Same author

Experimentally informed, quantitative photocycle model of the light-gated potassium channel WiChR.

Biophysical journal·2026

Same author

A transgenic mouse model for reticulated platelet detection reveals expansion after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.

Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis·2026

Same author

Corrigendum to "Age-related structural and functional changes of the intracardiac nervous system" Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Volume 187 (2024) 1-14].

Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Response priming driven by local contrast, not subjective brightness.

Thomas Schmidt¹, Sandra Miksch, Lisa Bulganin

¹Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology I, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. Geb. 57, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. thomas.schmidt@sowi.uni-kl.de

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

|August 3, 2010

Summary

Visuomotor priming and conscious vision process brightness differently. Speeded responses rely on early visual processing, distinct from subjective brightness perception, revealing dissociations in visual processing pathways.

More Related Videos

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Visual Perception
Psychophysics

Background:

Brightness perception is complex, influenced by context and illusions.
Visuomotor priming involves rapid responses to visual stimuli.
Distinguishing early visual processing from conscious perception is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate dissociations in brightness processing between visuomotor priming and conscious vision.
To determine if rapid motor responses utilize different visual information than subjective judgments.
To explore the role of visual illusions in modulating brightness perception and priming.

Main Methods:

Participants performed speeded keypress responses to luminance targets.
Visible primes, manipulated by a visual illusion to alter apparent brightness, flanked the targets.
Response priming effects were measured based on prime-target arrangements and subjective brightness matches.

Main Results:

Response priming effects contradicted subjective brightness matches, indicating different processing.
Priming effects were driven by local contrast, not the perceived brightness of primes.
Systematic variations revealed that early visual processing underlies response priming.

Conclusions:

Speeded motor responses access early brightness processing before full lightness constancy.
Visuomotor priming and conscious vision utilize qualitatively distinct brightness information.
This dissociation highlights parallel processing streams in the visual system.