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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...

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Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish

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[Vitamin A and gestational diabetes].

Larissa Queiroz de Lira¹, Roberto Dimenstein

¹programa de pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN.

Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)

|August 3, 2010

Summary

Gestational diabetes (DM) can impact pregnant women's vitamin A levels, potentially leading to deficiency. This review examines how DM affects retinol and the risks for mothers and infants.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Nutritional Science
Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic, with gestational diabetes (GDM) presenting a significant challenge during pregnancy.
GDM is linked to insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell function, affecting maternal health.
Emerging evidence suggests a connection between maternal retinol (vitamin A) levels and the progression of DM during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the impact of DM on retinol levels in pregnant women.
To review the consequences of vitamin A deficiency in pregnant women with DM and their infants.
To highlight the importance of monitoring vitamin A status in this population.

Main Methods:

This review synthesizes current scientific literature.

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It analyzes studies investigating the relationship between DM, retinol levels, and pregnancy outcomes.

The review focuses on biochemical profiles and nutritional status in pregnant women with DM.

Main Results:

Pregnant women with DM often exhibit suboptimal biochemical profiles.
A higher incidence of vitamin A deficiency is observed in pregnant women with DM compared to healthy controls.
DM's progression during pregnancy appears to correlate with altered retinol levels.

Conclusions:

Gestational diabetes mellitus significantly affects maternal retinol status, increasing the risk of vitamin A deficiency.
Vitamin A deficiency poses potential risks to both the mother and the developing infant.
Monitoring and managing vitamin A levels are crucial for pregnant women with DM.