Primary intracranial leiomyosarcoma in an HIV-infected patient

Primary intracranial leiomyosarcomas are rare tumors arising from the mesenchymal cells of the dura matter or the cerebral blood vessels. Only 14 cases of primary intracranial leiomyosarcoma are reported in the literature. We report a case of primary intracranial leiomyosarcoma in an human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient with a CD4 count of 14 cells/μL. Additionally, in-situ hybridization of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early RNA stained sections highlighted the tumor cells, consistent with the presence of EBV. Review of the literature strongly suggests an association between AIDS, EBV, and primary intracranial leiomyosarcoma. Given the paucity of information in the literature, we review possible chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of primary intracranial leiomyosarcoma in patients refractory to surgical resection and radiation therapy.