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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with enteroviral infection

Hasan Ağin1, Hurşit Apa, Aycan Unalp

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Behcet Uz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.

Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)
|August 4, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in a teen was successfully treated with steroids after developing symptoms like double vision and weakness. Enterovirus infection was identified as a rare cause of this central nervous system demyelinating condition.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS).
  • It often occurs post-infection or post-vaccination, presenting with multifocal white matter lesions.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A 16-year-old male with a history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presented with acute neurological deficits.
  • Symptoms included diplopia, right-sided hemiparesis, ataxia, and vomiting.
  • The patient had been on risperidone for 7 years.

Findings:

  • Clinical, laboratory, and cranial MRI confirmed a diagnosis of ADEM.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed the presence of enterovirus.
  • The patient showed significant clinical improvement after pulsed methylprednisolone and subsequent prednisolone therapy.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a rare association between ADEM and enteroviral infection in an adolescent.
  • It underscores the importance of considering infectious etiologies in ADEM diagnosis.
  • Prompt steroid treatment can lead to substantial recovery in ADEM patients.

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