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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A High-throughput Assay for the Prediction of Chemical Toxicity by Automated Phenotypic Profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans
09:01

A High-throughput Assay for the Prediction of Chemical Toxicity by Automated Phenotypic Profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 14, 2019

CAESAR models for developmental toxicity.

Antonio Cassano1, Alberto Manganaro, Todd Martin

  • 1Laboratory of Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. antonio.cassano@marionegri.it.

Chemistry Central Journal
|August 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The CAESAR project developed two quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for assessing chemical developmental toxicity, aiding compliance with European REACH legislation. These freely accessible online models aim to reduce false negatives and improve chemical safety assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Regulatory Science

Background:

  • The European REACH legislation mandates extensive chemical safety assessments.
  • Developmental toxicity testing is complex, time-consuming, and expensive.
  • Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) methods are encouraged by REACH for chemical assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop QSAR models for predicting developmental toxicity.
  • To create user-friendly tools for chemical risk assessment under REACH.
  • To minimize false negatives in developmental toxicity predictions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of two distinct QSAR models for developmental toxicity.
  • Utilized random forest and adaptive fuzzy partition algorithms.
  • Implementation of one model into the CAESAR online application.

Main Results:

  • Two QSAR models for developmental toxicity were successfully developed.
  • Both models demonstrated strong performance.
  • The random forest model was integrated into the CAESAR online application for public access.

Conclusions:

  • CAESAR QSAR models are designed to minimize false negatives, enhancing their utility for REACH compliance.
  • The CAESAR online application provides accessible tools for industry and regulators.
  • The developed models facilitate easier assessment of developmental toxicity and other endpoints.