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Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
Halo Effect01:27

Halo Effect

The halo effect is a cognitive bias in which an individual's overall impression influences judgments about their specific traits. This psychological phenomenon leads people to associate positive characteristics with those they perceive as generally good and negative characteristics with those they view as bad. This effect is particularly influential in social perception, professional evaluations, and decision-making processes.The Psychological Basis of the Halo EffectThe halo effect is rooted...
Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement (PMSM), for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
09:03

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement (PMSM), for Investigating Implicit Social Bias

Published on: February 29, 2020

Identifying and avoiding bias in research.

Christopher J Pannucci1, Edwin G Wilkins

  • 1Ann Arbor, Mich. From the Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|August 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This review explains research bias, a common issue in medical studies. Understanding bias in evidence-based medicine helps avoid ineffective or harmful treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Research Methodology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine
  • Scientific Literature Evaluation

Background:

  • Bias can compromise the integrity of scientific research.
  • Understanding bias is crucial for interpreting medical literature accurately.
  • This review is part of a series on evidence-based medicine in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of research bias.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing bias in medical research.
  • To support the practice of evidence-based medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of the concept of bias in research.
  • Discussion of bias across different research phases (planning, data collection, analysis, publication).

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A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
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Published on: January 12, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement (PMSM), for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
09:03

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement (PMSM), for Investigating Implicit Social Bias

Published on: February 29, 2020

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

Main Results:

  • Bias can manifest at various stages of the research process.
  • Awareness of bias is essential for critical appraisal of studies.
  • Identifying bias helps in selecting optimal patient treatments.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of research bias is fundamental for evidence-based practice.
  • Recognizing and mitigating bias improves the reliability of medical evidence.
  • This knowledge empowers clinicians to make informed treatment decisions.