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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...

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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Hierarchical structures in AB/AC type diblock-copolymer blend particles.

Hiroshi Yabu1, Kiwamu Motoyoshi, Takeshi Higuchi

  • 1Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan. yabu@tagen.tohoku.ac.jp

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|August 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created novel diblock-copolymer blend particles with complex internal structures using a simple solvent evaporation method. These hierarchical nanomaterials offer potential applications in photonics and electronics.

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Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
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Published on: July 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Diblock-copolymer blend particles are versatile building blocks for advanced materials.
  • Controlling internal hierarchical structures is crucial for tailoring material properties.
  • Existing methods for creating complex polymer particles often involve multiple steps or specialized equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first preparation of diblock-copolymer blend particles with hierarchical inner structures.
  • To demonstrate the control over internal phase separation structures.
  • To explore the potential of these particles as organic-inorganic composite nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of AB/AC type diblock-copolymer blend particles via a simple solvent evaporation method.
  • Tuning molecular weight combinations of common polymer segments to control inner phase separation.
  • Formation of Janus particles through a one-to-one blend of two diblock-copolymers.
  • Introduction of Palladium (Pd) ions into onion-like structured particles.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized diblock-copolymer blend particles with controllable hierarchical inner structures.
  • Demonstrated that changing molecular weight combinations precisely controls phase separation.
  • Achieved Janus particle formation with distinct microphase separated domains.
  • Successfully incorporated Pd ions into onion-like structured particles, creating organic-inorganic composites.

Conclusions:

  • A straightforward solvent evaporation method enables the creation of complex diblock-copolymer blend particles.
  • The developed particles exhibit tunable hierarchical structures and Janus morphology.
  • These novel organic-inorganic composite particles show promise for applications in photonics and electronics.