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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
Published on: April 12, 2017
Targeted therapies for non-clear renal cell carcinoma
Eric A Singer1, Gennady Bratslavsky, W Marston Linehan
1Department of Health and Human Services, Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive Bldg 10 Rm 1-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. singerea@mail.nih.gov
Abstract:
The treatment of advanced and metastatic kidney cancer has been revolutionized by the development of targeted systemic therapies. Despite the growing number of available agents approved for use against clear cell renal cell carcinoma, patients with non-clear histologies, constituting approximately 1 in 4 cases of kidney cancer, have not received the same attention. The majority of clinical trials testing novel targeted therapies have excluded non-clear subtypes, providing limited therapeutic options for patients with these diagnoses and their oncologists. This review will focus on the use of targeted therapies against the non-clear histologic subtypes of renal cell carcinoma: papillary I and II, chromophobe, and collecting duct. The unique genetic and molecular profiles of each distinct non-clear kidney cancer subtype will be described, as these differences are integral to the development and effectiveness of the novel agents used to treat them. Trials focusing on non-clear kidney cancer, or those that treated clear cell tumors along with significant numbers of non-clear subtypes, will be discussed. The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy and the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant targeted therapy will be reviewed. Lastly, areas of future research will be highlighted.
Insights
Targeted therapies are revolutionizing kidney cancer treatment, but non-clear cell subtypes remain understudied. This review details targeted treatments for rare kidney cancer histologies, addressing an unmet clinical need.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genetics
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Advanced and metastatic kidney cancer treatment has advanced with targeted therapies.
- Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has many approved agents.
- Non-clear cell kidney cancer subtypes (papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct) are underrepresented in clinical trials and lack sufficient therapeutic options.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review targeted therapies for non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) subtypes.
- To discuss the unique molecular profiles of nccRCC subtypes and their impact on treatment.
- To highlight current and future research directions for nccRCC.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of targeted therapies for nccRCC.
- Analysis of clinical trials involving nccRCC.
- Discussion of genetic and molecular characteristics of nccRCC subtypes.
Main Results:
- Limited targeted therapy options currently exist for nccRCC.
- Understanding unique molecular profiles is crucial for developing effective treatments.
- Cytoreductive nephrectomy and neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies are also reviewed.
Conclusions:
- There is a critical need for more research and targeted therapies for nccRCC.
- Personalized treatment strategies based on specific histology are essential.
- Future research should focus on novel agents and clinical trial designs for these rare subtypes.
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