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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
09:01

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: November 17, 2020

T cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

J M Fletcher1, S J Lalor, C M Sweeney

  • 1Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|August 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves autoimmune responses to central nervous system myelin. Research highlights the role of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and IL-17-producing T cells in MS and its animal model, EAE.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
09:01

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Published on: November 17, 2020

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:44

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: October 13, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system inflammatory disorder characterized by demyelination and autoimmune responses to myelin antigens.
  • Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) serves as a key animal model for understanding MS pathogenesis.
  • Historically, T helper type 1 (Th1) cells were considered the primary drivers of autoimmune inflammation in MS and EAE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving understanding of T cell involvement in MS and EAE.
  • To highlight the pathogenic roles of IL-17-producing T cells, including Th17 and γδ T cells.
  • To explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting specific T cell subsets in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on T cell subsets in MS and EAE.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the induction, function, and regulation of IL-17-producing T cells.
  • Examination of the roles of Th1, Th17, γδ, CD8(+), and regulatory T cells.

Main Results:

  • Evidence implicates T cells specific for self-antigens in mediating MS and EAE pathology.
  • Recent studies underscore the significant pathogenic contribution of IL-17-producing T cells (Th17 and γδ T cells).
  • The roles of various T cell subtypes, including Th1, Th17, γδ, CD8(+), and regulatory T cells, are crucial in disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • IL-17-producing T cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE.
  • Understanding the complex interplay of different T cell subsets is essential for developing effective MS therapies.
  • Targeting specific T cell populations offers promising avenues for novel therapeutic interventions in multiple sclerosis.