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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

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Related Experiment Video

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Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
09:03

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Published on: May 29, 2014

Lab-specific gene expression signatures in pluripotent stem cells.

Aaron M Newman1, James B Cooper

  • 1Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|August 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), show lab-specific gene expression. This suggests the in vitro environment significantly influences their genetic signatures, impacting regenerative medicine applications.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
09:03

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Published on: May 29, 2014

Hepatic Progenitor Specification from Pluripotent Stem Cells using a Defined Differentiation System
07:09

Hepatic Progenitor Specification from Pluripotent Stem Cells using a Defined Differentiation System

Published on: May 10, 2020

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening
07:18

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening

Published on: May 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells (embryonic stem cells [ESCs] and induced pluripotent stem cells [iPSCs]) hold promise for regenerative medicine.
  • Fundamental differences between ESCs and iPSCs may impact therapeutic applications.
  • Understanding genetic homogeneity is crucial for reliable stem cell therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic homogeneity of ESC and iPSC lines.
  • To identify potential sources of variation in stem cell gene expression data.
  • To assess the impact of laboratory environment on stem cell gene signatures.

Main Methods:

  • Reanalysis of microarray gene expression data from seven laboratories.
  • Application of an unsupervised clustering algorithm.
  • Comparison of gene expression signatures between ESC and iPSC lines.

Main Results:

  • A strong correlation was found between gene expression signatures and specific laboratories for both ESC and iPSC lines.
  • Nearly one-third of lab-specific genes were also differentially expressed between ESCs and iPSCs.
  • In vitro microenvironmental context appears to differentially impact gene expression in both cell types.

Conclusions:

  • Laboratory environment significantly influences the gene expression profiles of pluripotent stem cells.
  • These findings highlight the importance of standardizing experimental conditions in stem cell research.
  • Further investigation is needed to understand the specific microenvironmental factors responsible for these variations.