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Coronary heart disease in people infected with HIV

Carlos D Malvestutto1, Judith A Aberg

  • 1New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, USA. carlos.malvestutto@nyumc.org

Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
|August 5, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Effective antiretroviral therapy allows people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to live longer. Cardiovascular disease is a growing concern for this aging population, prompting a review of its risks and management strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved longevity for individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • An aging HIV-positive population is experiencing a rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a leading cause of illness and mortality.
  • Understanding the specific cardiovascular risks in the context of HIV is crucial for long-term patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV.
  • To explore the potential biological and clinical mechanisms underlying HIV-associated cardiovascular disease.
  • To outline evidence-based strategies for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of epidemiological studies and clinical trials.
  • Analysis of data on cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-positive individuals.
  • Evaluation of current treatment guidelines and emerging therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • HIV infection and its treatment are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and other cardiovascular events.
  • Inflammation, immune dysregulation, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and antiretroviral therapy itself may contribute to CVD.
  • Early detection and aggressive management of cardiovascular risk factors are essential.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular disease represents a significant and growing challenge in the long-term management of HIV.
  • A multi-faceted approach is required, addressing both HIV-specific factors and traditional risk factors.
  • Further research is needed to optimize cardiovascular risk reduction strategies in people living with HIV.

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