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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Species01:31

Formation of Species

Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.Allopatric SpeciationIn allopatric speciation, gene flow between two populations of the same species is prevented by a geographic barrier, like...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Sexual Crosses with the Mucoromycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus
05:34

Sexual Crosses with the Mucoromycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus

Published on: June 6, 2025

Mixed mating system in the fern Asplenium scolopendrium: implications for colonization potential.

E R Jasper Wubs1, G Arjen de Groot, Heinjo J During

  • 1Ecology and Biodiversity group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Annals of Botany
|August 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Asplenium scolopendrium exhibits a mixed mating system, facilitating colonization through occasional selfing and promoting diversity via outcrossing. This challenges the simple selfing vs. outcrossing classification in ferns.

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Sexual Development and Ascospore Discharge in Fusarium graminearum
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Sexual Development and Ascospore Discharge in Fusarium graminearum
08:20

Sexual Development and Ascospore Discharge in Fusarium graminearum

Published on: March 29, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Human-mediated environmental changes increase selection pressure for plant colonization.
  • Habitat fragmentation and climate change necessitate longer-distance plant dispersal.
  • Mating systems and genetic load critically influence new population establishment and survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mating system of Asplenium scolopendrium, a diploid homosporous fern.
  • To understand the role of its mating system in plant colonization processes.

Main Methods:

  • A common environment experiment utilized 13 pairs of sporophytes from diverse European sites.
  • Gametophytes were grown in vitro under three conditions: isolation, within-site pairing, and among-site pairing.
  • Sporophyte production was quantified for each condition to assess mating success and inbreeding depression.

Main Results:

  • Sporophyte production was highest in among-site crosses, intermediate in within-site crosses, and lowest in isolation, indicating inbreeding depression.
  • Intragametophytic selfing was observed in most tested genotypes (eight out of nine).

Conclusions:

  • Asplenium scolopendrium displays a mixed mating system, balancing outcrossing with occasional selfing.
  • Intragametophytic selfing aids initial colonization from single spores, while inbreeding depression favors outcrossing for genetic diversity.
  • Findings challenge the binary classification of fern mating systems as solely selfing or outcrossing.