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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

Published on: November 13, 2016

Neuroimaging techniques in epilepsy.

Vincent Lai¹, Henry K Mak, Ada W Y Yung

¹Department of Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong.

Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang Yi Xue Za Zhi

|August 5, 2010

Summary

State-of-the-art neuroimaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional radionuclide imaging, is crucial for localizing epilepsy. Advanced techniques like diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI aid in presurgical planning and improving diagnostic accuracy.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Radiology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Epilepsy diagnosis and management rely heavily on accurate localization and lateralization of the seizure focus.
Neuroimaging plays a pivotal role in identifying the epileptogenic substrate, especially in cases with non-concordant clinical findings.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current neuroimaging modalities for epilepsy.
To discuss the clinical applications of these advanced techniques in epilepsy diagnosis and presurgical evaluation.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search of PubMed up to March 2010.
Inclusion of all articles detailing neuroimaging techniques applied to epilepsy.

Main Results:

High-field MRI is fundamental for structural imaging; functional radionuclide imaging (PET/SPECT) improves accuracy, particularly in temporal lobe epilepsy.
MR spectroscopy aids in identifying metabolic changes, while volumetric MRI shows promise for temporal but is inconsistent for extratemporal epilepsy.
Diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI enhance presurgical evaluation by visualizing white matter tracts and mapping eloquent cortex.

Conclusions:

Structural neuroimaging is essential for seizure focus localization and lateralization.
Functional radionuclide imaging and advanced MRI techniques offer complementary information when the epileptogenic substrate is unclear or clinical/structural findings are discordant.