Cardiac involvement in patients with hematologic malignancies

Area of Science:

• Cardio-oncology
• Hematology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Cardiologic diseases frequently arise secondary to hematologic pathologies or their treatments.
• Myocardial infiltration is a key concern in hematologic malignancies like leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and hypereosinophilic syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the management of cardiac disease in patients with hematologic pathology.
• To evaluate chemotherapy-associated cardiac toxicity, especially from novel therapeutic agents.
• To discuss early cardiac injury markers and regenerative cardiac stem cell therapy.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review focusing on cardiac complications in hematologic diseases.
• Analysis of cardiotoxicity associated with conventional and novel cancer therapies.
• Exploration of diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for cardiac regeneration.

Main Results:

• Cardiac toxicity from hematologic therapies can manifest as asymptomatic changes or life-threatening events.
• Novel agents like monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, arsenic trioxide, bortezomib, and epigenetic therapies pose specific cardiac risks.
• Cardiotoxicity may necessitate treatment modification, including dose reduction, delays, or discontinuation.

Conclusions:

• Early identification of cardiac injury markers is crucial for timely intervention.
• Cardiac stem cell therapy presents a promising avenue for myocardial regeneration in affected patients.
• Multidisciplinary management is essential for patients with hematologic malignancies and secondary cardiac conditions.